Roseola (roe-zee-OH-lah) is a viral illness that most commonly affects young
kids between 6 months and 2 years old. It's also known as sixth disease, exanthem
subitum, and roseola infantum.
It is usually marked by several days of high fever,
followed by a distinctive rash just as the fever breaks.
Two common, closely related viruses can cause roseola, human herpesvirus (HHV)
type 6 and type 7. These viruses belong to the same family as the better-known herpes simplex viruses (HSV),
but do not cause the cold sores and genital herpes infections that HSV can cause.
What Are the Signs & Symptoms of Roseola?
Most children with roseola develop a mild upper respiratory illness, followed by
a high fever (often higher than 103°F or 39.5°C) for up to a week. During
this time, a child might be fussy or irritable, not eat as much as usual, and may
have swollen lymph nodes (glands) in the neck.
The high fever often ends abruptly, and at about the same time a pinkish-red flat
or raised rash starts on the trunk. The rash's spots turn white when touched, and
individual spots may have a lighter "halo" around them. The rash usually
spreads to the neck, face, arms, and legs.
This fast-rising fever can trigger febrile
seizures (convulsions caused by high fevers) in about 10% to 15% of young children
who have roseola. Signs of a febrile seizure include:
unconsciousness
2 to 3 minutes of jerking or twitching in the arms, legs, or face
loss of control of the bladder or bowels
Is Roseola Contagious?
Roseola is contagious. The infection spreads when a child with roseola talks,
sneezes, or coughs, sending tiny droplets into the air that others can breathe in.
The droplets also can land on surfaces; if other children touch those surfaces and
then their nose or mouth, they can become infected.
Roseola may be contagious during the fever phase, but does not spread by the time
the rash breaks out.
Can Roseola Be Prevented?
There is no known way to prevent roseola. But because it affects young kids rather
than adults, it's thought that a bout of roseola in childhood may provide some
lasting immunity to the illness. Repeat cases of roseola can happen, but are uncommon.
How Long Does Roseola Last?
The fever of roseola lasts from 3 to 7 days, followed by a rash lasting from hours
to a few days.
How Is Roseola Diagnosed?
To make a diagnosis, a doctor will take a
and do an exam. A diagnosis of roseola is often uncertain until the fever
drops and the rash appears, so the doctor may order tests to make sure that the fever
is not caused by another type of infection.
How Is Roseola Treated?
Roseola usually does not require professional medical treatment. When it does,
most treatment is focused on lowering the high fever. Antibiotics can't treat roseola
because viruses, not bacteria, cause it.
Home Treatment
Acetaminophen
(such as Tylenol) or ibuprofen
(such as Advil or Motrin) can help to ease a fever. Never give aspirin
to a child who has a viral illness because its use in such cases has been associated
with Reye syndrome, which
can lead to liver failure and death.
While some parents use lukewarm sponge baths to lower fever, there is no proof
that this really works. In fact, sponge baths can make children uncomfortable. Never
give your child an icy or cold bath or alcohol rubs.
To prevent dehydration
from the fever, encourage your child to drink clear fluids such as water with ice
chips and Pedialyte (electrolyte oral replacement solution). Breast milk and formula
can help prevent dehydration as well.
When Should I Call the Doctor?
Call the doctor if your child is lethargic or won't drink or breastfeed. If your
child has a seizure, get emergency care right away.
