What It Is
An electroencephalogram (EEG) is a test used to find problems related to electrical
activity of the brain.
An EEG tracks and records brain wave patterns. Small metal discs with thin wires
(electrodes) are placed on the scalp, and then send signals to a computer to record
the results. Normal electrical activity in the brain makes a recognizable pattern.
Through an EEG, doctors can look for abnormal patterns that indicate seizures
and other problems.
Why It's Done
Most EEGs are done to diagnose and monitor seizure disorders. EEGs also can identify
causes of other problems, such as sleep disorders and changes in behavior. They're
sometimes used to evaluate brain activity after a severe head injury or before a heart transplant
or liver transplant.
Preparation
If your child is having an EEG, preparation is minimal. Your child's hair should
be clean and free of oils, sprays, and conditioner to help the electrodes stick to
the scalp.
Your doctor may recommend that your child stop taking certain medicines before
the test. It's often recommended that kids not have caffeine up to 8 hours before
the test. If it's necessary for your child to sleep during the EEG, the doctor will
suggest ways to help make this easier.
The Procedure
An EEG can be done in the doctor's office, a lab, or a hospital. Your child will
be asked to lie on a bed or sit in a chair. The EEG technician will attach electrodes
to different locations on the scalp using adhesive paste. Each electrode is connected
to an amplifier and EEG recording machine.
The electrical signals from the brain are converted into wavy lines on a computer
screen. Your child will be asked to lie still because movement can change the results.
If the goal of the EEG is to mimic or cause the problem your child is having (like
seizures), he or she may be asked to look at a bright flickering light or breathe
a certain way. The health care provider performing the EEG will know your child's
medical history and
will be ready for any issues that could come up during the test.
Most EEGs take about an hour. If your child needs to sleep during it, the test
will take longer. You might be able to stay in the room with your child, or you can
step outside to a waiting area.