How to Handle an Allergic Reaction

Allergic reactions can be triggered by foods, medicines, pets, insect stings, pollen, and other things. Most allergic reactions aren't serious. But severe reactions can be life-threatening and need medical care right away.

What Are the Signs & Symptoms of Allergic Reactions?

Signs of a Mild Allergic Reaction:

• itchy and slightly swollen skin
• change in skin tone or color, like red or a deeper shade of the skin tone
• stuffy, runny nose
• sneezing
• itchy, watery eyes
• red bumps (hives) anywhere on the body

Signs of a Severe Allergic Reaction:

• swelling of the mouth or tongue
• trouble swallowing or speaking
• wheezing or trouble breathing
• belly pain, nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea
• dizziness or fainting
• mild symptoms affecting two or more body parts, such as hives with sneezing or coughing with itchy skin

What Can I Do About Allergic Reactions?

• If your child has an allergy action plan, follow the directions in the plan.
• If the symptoms are severe and you have epinephrine, use it as directed right away and call 911 for emergency medical help.
• If your child does not have an allergy action plan and has mild symptoms, give an antihistamine by mouth such as cetirizine (Zyrtec or a store brand). If your child keeps having mild allergy symptoms, let your doctor know.
• Call the doctor if your child has an allergic reaction that is more than mild or that worries you.

What Can Help Prevent Allergic Reactions?

Help kids avoid anything they're allergic to, and keep an oral antihistamine available.

If your child has a severe allergy or has had a severe reaction and the doctor prescribes epinephrine, they will show you how to give the medicine. Your child should always have two devices with them in case one doesn't work, or your child needs a second dose. Always treat a serious reaction with epinephrine. Never use antihistamines instead of epinephrine for a serious reaction.