Enlarged Adenoids & Adenoidectomy
Overview
What Are Adenoids?
Adenoids (AD-eh-noyds) are a patch of lymphoid tissue that sits at the very back of the nasal passage. Like tonsils, adenoids help keep the body healthy by trapping harmful bacteria and viruses that we breathe in or swallow.
Adenoids, also called pharyngeal (fah-rin-JE-eel) tonsils, do important work as infection fighters for babies and young children. But they become less important as kids get older and the body develops other ways to fight germs. In kids, adenoids usually begin to shrink after about 5 years of age and often practically disappear by the teenage years.
What Are Enlarged Adenoids?
Because adenoids trap germs that enter the body, adenoid tissue sometimes temporarily swells (becomes enlarged) as it tries to fight an infection. Allergies also can make them get bigger.
The swelling sometimes gets better. Other times, adenoids can get infected (called adenoiditis). If this happens a lot, a doctor might recommend removing them. Tonsils and adenoids might be removed at the same time, but not always.
Top Things to Know
- Adenoids are small pads of tissue behind the nose that help fight germs, and an adenoidectomy is surgery to remove them.
- Enlarged adenoids can cause snoring, mouth breathing, a stuffy nose, and bad breath.
- Treatment may include medicine, but surgery can help if symptoms don’t improve.
- After surgery, breathing and sleep problems often improve quickly.
Signs & Symptoms
What Are the Signs & Symptoms of Enlarged Adenoids?
Kids with enlarged adenoids or, adenoid hypertrophy (hi-PER-truh-fee), might:
- have trouble breathing through the nose
- breathe through the mouth (which can lead to dry lips and mouth)
- talk as if their nostrils are pinched
- have noisy breathing ("Darth Vader" breathing)
- have bad breath
- snore
- stop breathing for a few seconds during sleep (obstructive sleep apnea), which can lead to disturbed sleep. This in turn can cause learning, behavioral, growth, and heart problems, and sometimes bedwetting.
- have frequent or chronic (long-lasting) nose or sinus infections
- have ear infections, middle ear fluid, and hearing loss
Diagnosis
How Are Enlarged Adenoids Diagnosed?
The doctor may ask about and then check a child's ears, nose, and throat, and feel the neck along the jaw. To get a really close look, the doctor might order X-rays or look into the nasal passage with a tiny telescope.
Treatment & Care
How Are Enlarged Adenoids Treated?
For a suspected infection, doctors may prescribe different types of medicine, like pills or liquids. They also might prescribe nasal steroids (a liquid that is sprayed into the nose) to help ease swelling in the adenoids.
If swollen adenoids bother a child and medicine doesn't help, a healthcare provider may recommend an adenoidectomy (ad-eh-noy-DEK-teh-me).
What Is an Adenoidectomy?
An adenoidectomy is the surgical removal of the adenoids. It's one of the most common surgeries done on kids, along with the removal of tonsils, also called a tonsillectomy (tahn-suh-LEK-tuh-mee).
Before the Adenoidectomy
A child with obstructive sleep apnea might need an X-ray or a sleep study (polysomnogram) before the procedure. This lets doctors see how much nasal blockage there is. An ear, nose, and throat (ENT) doctor might look inside the nose with a light or a camera.
Your healthcare provider will let you know if your child should stop taking any medicines in the week or two before the surgery. You'll also learn about what and when your child can eat and drink before the surgery, since the stomach must be empty on the day of the adenoidectomy.
You can help prepare your child by talking about what to expect during the adenoidectomy.
During the Adenoidectomy
An ENT surgeon will do the surgery in an operating room. Your child will get general anesthesia. An anesthesiologist will carefully watch them and keep them safely and comfortably asleep during the procedure.
The surgery is done through a child's open mouth — there are no cuts through the skin and no visible scars.
Can I Stay With My Child?
Usually, you can stay with your child until just before the surgery. Then you’ll be with them again as they wake up after it's over.
After the Adenoidectomy
Your child will wake up in the recovery area. In most cases, kids can go home the same day as the procedure. Some may need to stay overnight for observation.
The typical recovery after an adenoidectomy often involves a few days of mild pain and discomfort, which may include sore throat, runny nose, noisy breathing, or bad breath.
In less than a week after surgery, everything should return to normal and the problems caused by the adenoids should be gone. There are no stitches to worry about, and the adenoid area will heal on its own.
Are There Any Risks From Adenoidectomy?
Most kids have no serious side effects or problems from an adenoidectomy. But there are risks with any surgery, including infection, bleeding, and problems with anesthesia. Talk to your child's doctor before the procedure about its risks and benefits.
How Can I Help My Child Feel Better?
- Give your child pain medicine as directed by your healthcare provider.
- Offer plenty to drink. Most kids can eat and drink normally within a few hours after surgery, but you can start with soft foods like pudding, soup, gelatin, or mashed potatoes.
- Kids should take it easy for a few days after the surgery. Follow the care team’s instructions about your child’s activities during the week or so after surgery and when it's OK to go back to school or daycare.
- If your child's nose is stuffy, a cool-mist humidifier might help to soothe it. Clean the humidifier daily to prevent mold growth.
When Should I Call the Doctor?
Call the doctor if your child:
- develops a fever
- vomits after the first day or after taking medicine
- has neck pain or neck stiffness that doesn't go away with pain medicine
- has trouble turning the neck
- refuses to drink
- isn't peeing at least once every eight hours
Get medical care right away if your child:
- has blood dripping out of the nose or coating the tongue for more than 10 minutes
- has bleeding after the first day
- vomits blood or something that looks like coffee grounds
What Else Should I Know?
Even though the adenoids are part of the immune system, removing them doesn't affect the body's ability to fight infections. The immune system has many other ways to fight germs.