How to Handle a Cold

Kids can get eight colds a year — or more. The common cold sends more kids to the doctor than any other illness. Most colds are caused by a virus found in the air and on the things we touch. Antibiotics can't treat viruses, so they won't help cold symptoms. But you can help your child feel better while the illness runs its course.

What Are the Signs & Symptoms of a Cold?

• stuffy or runny nose (may start out watery, then turn thick yellow or green)
• itchy or sore throat
• sneezing
• cough
• headache
• mild fever
• feeling tired
• eating less

How Do I Treat a Cold?

• Ease discomfort with:
  • acetaminophen or ibuprofen as needed if your child is older than 6 months
  • a cool-mist humidifier or steamy bathroom
  • saline (saltwater) drops for a congested nose
  • gentle suction of nasal mucus using a bulb syringe when necessary
• Offer lots of liquids — breast milk or formula for babies; water and diluted juice for older kids, but no caffeinated beverages.
• Never give cough or cold medicine to children under 6 years old. Call a doctor first for older kids.
• Never give aspirin to a child.

When Should I Call the Doctor About a Cold?

Call the doctor if your child has:

• cold symptoms that get worse or last more than a week
• cough and congestion triggered by pollen, dust, pets, etc.
• a barking cough or a cough that is severe and happens in spasms
• trouble breathing
• a high fever and appears ill; or any fever in a baby 3 months old or younger
• a sore throat that makes it hard to eat and drink
• a bad headache

What Can Help Prevent Colds?

Remind kids to:

• Avoid anyone who has cold symptoms.
• Avoid smokers (secondhand smoke increases kids' risk of getting sick).
• Wash their hands well and often, especially after nose-blowing and playing with other kids.
• Sneeze and cough into their elbow or a tissue — not their hands.