Encephalopathy is a broad term used to describe brain
dysfunction. There are many types of encephalopathies.
More to Know
Encephalopathy has an extensive list of causes including infections, alcohol toxicity,
brain trauma, liver and kidney
failure, and prolonged exposure to toxic chemicals. Lack of oxygen or blood flow to
the brain, metabolic disorders,
malnutrition, and other causes also can lead to abnormal
brain functioning.
The primary symptom of all encephalopathies is an altered mental state. Other symptoms
will depend upon the type of encephalopathy and how severe it is. They include lack
of concentration, progressive loss of memory and cognitive ability, lethargy, personality
changes, and even loss of consciousness. Someone with encephalopathy also might have
muscle twitches and tremors, rapid and involuntary eye movement, muscle weakness,
dementia, inability to swallow or speak, and seizures.
Symptoms may be constant or they may come and go or get progressively worse.
Treatment of encephalopathy will depend upon the condition that caused it. Mild
or acute cases often are treatable, but advanced encephalopathy can lead to permanent
brain damage and death.
Keep in Mind
While some people experiencing encephalopathy will need only short-term care, most
will need to be closely monitored and treated by their doctor to keep their brain
function from declining any further.
All A to Z dictionary entries are regularly reviewed by KidsHealth medical
experts.
