About Insect Sting Allergy
Insect stings usually are minor annoyances. But they can cause serious and
sometimes even deadly reactions in kids who are allergic to them.
Insects that can trigger allergic reactions include honeybees, yellowjackets, hornets,
wasps, and fire ants. When they sting, they inject venom
into the skin.
Allergic reactions to stings usually don't happen when a child is stung for the
first time, but rather when the child is stung for a second time, or even later.
If your child has been diagnosed with an insect sting allergy, keep injectable
epinephrine (a medicine that your doctor can prescribe) on hand in case of a
severe reaction. Share emergency plans with anyone who cares for your child, including
relatives and school officials. Also consider having your child wear a medical alert
bracelet.
Talk with your child's doctor about seeing an allergy specialist to discuss the
possibility of allergy shots.
These can help the body react less to insect venom, which can make a serious reaction
less likely.
If you think that your child might have had an allergic reaction to an insect sting,
call your doctor, who can help you understand the difference between a typical reaction
and an allergic reaction. The doctor also can see if an insect sting site is infected,
which requires different treatment than an allergic reaction.
If the doctor thinks your child might have an insect sting allergy, you'll probably
be referred to an allergy specialist for testing.
What Happens in an Insect Sting Allergy
When someone is allergic to insect stings, the body's immune system, which normally
fights infections, overreacts to proteins in the insect's venom. When stung, the body
sees these proteins as harmful invaders.
The immune system
responds by working very hard to fight off the invader. This causes an allergic reaction,
in which chemicals like histamine are released in the body. The release of these chemicals
can cause someone to have these symptoms:
- wheezing
- trouble breathing
- coughing
- hoarseness
- throat tightness
- stomachache
- vomiting
- diarrhea
- itchy, watery, or swollen eyes
- hives
- red spots
- swelling
- itching
- a drop in blood
pressure, causing lightheadedness or loss of consciousness
If a stinger remains in the skin, use your fingernail or a credit card to scrape
the stinger from the skin. Removing the stinger quickly can help prevent more venom
from going into the body. Don't use tweezers because they can cause more venom to
be released.